Is an approach measuring a society’s willingness to pay to avoid additional cases of death. This can be seen in spending for improved safety in the aircraft or car industry. In the EU and the US, values of between 1 and 10 million US$ or € per life saved have been found in different studies. Earlier versions of the ExternE project adopted a figure of US$3 million per life saved for VSL calculations. In these calculations the age of a person saved does not matter.